These texts are variously useful and often quite biased.

Ethnographic sources: Lots of ethnographic sources are available about the Inca, primarily Spanish military leaders and priests who were interested in conquering the Inca.Writing system: The Inca apparently kept accounts and perhaps historical information using a quipu, a system of knotted and dyed string according to the Spanish, the Inca also chanted and sang historical legends and painted wooden tablets.The Inca called their form of Quechua 'runasimi' or 'man's speech'. State language: Inca rulers adopted a form of Quechua for their administrative language and doing so spread it into outlying areas of their empire, but the Inca incorporated many different cultures and their languages.

Population: Estimates widely accepted by Inca scholars range between six and 14 million within an area extending from Colombia to Chile, in 1532 when the Spanish arrived.

Alternate names: Inca, Inka, Tahuantinsuyu or Tawantinsuyu ('the four parts together' in Quechua).

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